The United States and other nuclear powers are now moving closer to resuming nuclear weapons tests, decades after testing ended. This highly disturbing trend must be halted.

Since the atomic age, 2,056 nuclear weapons have been detonated, 528 of them above the ground. The United States and Soviet Union accounted for about 85% of these tests. The explosive power of atmospheric tests equaled 29,000 Hiroshima bombs. Airborne radioactive fallout circled the globe, re-entered the environment through precipitation, and entered human bodies through food and water.

Cold War bomb testing was part of a massive increase in the number of nuclear weapons, which peaked at more than 60,000. Kansas City plays a major part in their production, with the Kansas City National Security Campus manufacturing more than 80% of the non-nuclear components that go into our country’s stockpile.

After nuclear war as barely avoided during the Cuban missile crisis, public pressure convinced leaders to ban all above-ground tests in 1963 — a treaty that has never been violated.

The test ban treaty was a huge achievement for peace, beginning eased tensions between nuclear nations. It also was a landmark for public health. A study by St. Louis residents and scientists found an enormous buildup of radioactive strontium-90 levels in baby teeth — 63 times higher in children born in 1963 compared to those born in 1950.

The tooth study proved fallout was entering bodies, as strontium-90 is not found in nature. It influenced President John F. Kennedy and leaders to pursue a test ban, which saved millions of lives. The baby tooth study showed a sharp drop in strontium-90 of more than 50% in the five years after the treaty.

After the 1963 treaty, bomb testing continued underground, but stopped completely after the Cold War. A 1996 treaty to outlaw all tests was agreed to by 178 nations. Only 11 tests, all underground, have been conducted since the mid-1990s.

But tensions between major powers have worsened, along with the potential for resumed bomb testing. The Biden administration actively expanded the Nevada Test Site for nuclear devices, cutting roads and digging new tunnels to prepare for testing. Similar actions are occurring in Russia and China.

Language in Project 2025, several of whose architects work in the Trump administration, urges that the U.S. “reject ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and indicate a willingness to conduct nuclear tests in response to adversary nuclear developments if necessary.”

A Jan. 15 report by the Heritage Foundation’s Robert Peters addressed potential options for test resumption — including above-ground tests. The report states: “If told that the Nevada test site cannot be made ready inside a year, the President may order the above-ground testing of a nuclear weapon. … And while the United States leaving the Test Ban Treaty may not be optimal and may indeed have negative downstream effects, doing so may be necessary to stave off further adversary escalation.”

The report does not endorse above-ground testing, but does not condemn it. “Negative downstream effects” refers to atmospheric testing adding toxic fallout to an already overburdened environment, imperiling the health of Americans, especially children. President Donald Trump recently stated: “There’s no reason for us to be building brand new nuclear weapons. We have so many.” But concerns about resuming bomb tests continue.

Many experts believe resumed U.S. testing means Russia and China would also begin testing, raising the chance that a nuclear exchange — perhaps a nuclear war — would occur. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists’ Doomsday Clock — a measure of how close the world is to nuclear war — is at just 89 seconds, the lowest in the atomic age, well below the 17-minute mark in 1991, as the Cold War ended.

The world cannot afford a rerun of the nuclear arms race, which humanity was fortunate to survive. The potential consequences are staggering. Thousands, even millions of Americans could suffer from cancer and other diseases from exposure to toxic fallout in bomb tests. And a nuclear war could kill hundreds of millions, from acute radiation exposure and cancer.

While officials make nuclear policy decisions, people have the power to ensure they choose the right path. This power is not just a hope, but one that has a proven track record. More than 60 years ago, grassroots pressure over fallout buildup in children and potential nuclear war moved leaders to pass the test ban.

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